Expanding the Boundaries of MIDI Velocity in Software

When it comes to musical instruments, the force applied to them directly affects their response. Whether it's striking a drum harder to increase its volume or playing a piano note faster to make the hammer hit the string with more intensity, this dynamic relationship between force and sound is essential. In the digital realm, this connection is replicated through a MIDI parameter called velocity. Traditionally, velocity determines note volume based on how quickly a key is struck. However, velocity can be more versatile and need not be limited to volume or physical strikes.

In this blog post, we'll explore five advanced techniques that can unleash a world of creativity. While these techniques can be utilized with hardware, our focus will be on their implementation in software. It's important to note that some of these techniques may require a modular workflow or specific plugins, which can enhance the manipulation of velocity values in a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW). Both stock tools, such as Ableton Live's Velocity and Logic Pro X's Velocity Processor, and third-party devices can be incredibly helpful for these purposes.

Creating Unpredictable Grooves with Dynamic Sample Switching
To achieve a more natural and authentic feel in virtual instruments, repetitive playback of the same sample should be avoided. High-quality multi-sampled instruments provide recordings of each note played at different intensities. Mapping these samples to various velocity ranges allows for the selection of samples that correspond to the force applied while playing. However, for more experimental and unpredictable percussion loops, mapping entirely different sounds to different velocity ranges can yield exciting results. By assigning random sounds to specific velocity ranges and adjusting their distribution, dynamic and unique grooves can be created.

Adding Expression to Performances with Global Velocity Control
Taking control of the overall velocity of an instrument can give performances a more expressive character. By mapping a knob or fader on a MIDI controller to the maximum output parameter of the velocity tool, the overall velocity can be adjusted dynamically. This allows for real-time control and the feeling of "performing" the instrument. If a MIDI controller is not available, automation within the DAW can be utilized. This technique works particularly well with expressive orchestral instruments that exhibit changes in dynamics based on velocity.

Mapping Velocity to an Envelope Stage
Mapping velocity to a time-based attribute, such as the decay stage of an envelope, can bring added expression to a performance. By detaching velocity from volume and instead mapping it to decay, realistic drum feels can be achieved. For example, adjusting the decay of a hi-hat to be shorter, simulating closed hi-hat sounds. By playing notes with varying force, different levels of decay can be triggered, enhancing the realism and dynamics of drum programming.

Mapping Velocity to a Filter
In the realm of synth design, velocity mapping often involves linking velocity to a low-pass filter for a more accurate representation of sound behavior in the physical world. However, mapping velocity to a bandpass filter can yield fascinating tonal variations with minimal effort. By modulating the cutoff frequency of the filter based on velocity, a wide range of tonalities can be achieved, adding depth and complexity to synthesizer textures.

Modulating Velocity Using LFOs
For those seeking to push boundaries further, modulating velocity with Low-Frequency Oscillators (LFOs) can result in experimental and unconventional outcomes. By combining this approach with any of the previously mentioned techniques, the possibilities become even more extensive. Modulating overall velocity on a drum loop using LFOs, for instance, can completely transform its groove and ambience. Experimentation with various waveforms and adjustments to synchronization and amplitude can be implemented to suit the specific material being processed.


These five advanced MIDI velocity techniques offer boundless potential for creative exploration. The only limits are imposed by your own imagination. Additionally, there are various other elements and parameters that can be influenced by velocity, paving the way for further innovative possibilities. We encourage you to share your own ideas in the comments section, as there is always more to discover and experiment with when it comes to manipulating velocity in music production.